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Genivie Ambrad
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BSCS - Introduction to Computing

Hi, I'm Genivie Ambrad

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Where you can learn the basics of Introduction to Computing. Join me on this cosmic journey through the fundamentals of computer science!

"Knowledge is the key that unlocks infinite possibilities."

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About Me

Your Guide Through the Digital Universe

Hi, I'm Genivie Bayeta Ambrad, a first-year Computer Science student driven by curiosity and a passion for technology. I'm currently building my skills in programming and exploring various fields in computing to discover where I can make the biggest impact.

PORTFOLIO

Explore the Topics of Introduction to Computing

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Data, Information, and Knowledge

Understanding the building blocks of information systems and how raw data transforms into actionable knowledge.

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Areas of Computer Science

Exploring the diverse fields within computer science from AI to cybersecurity.

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Computer Systems Uses

How computers transform industries and revolutionize our daily lives.

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Algorithms & Flowcharts

The foundations of computational thinking and problem-solving.

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Number Systems

Binary, decimal, hexadecimal, and other number representations.

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Software Types

Understanding general and specific purpose software categories.

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Computer Hardware

Physical components of computer systems and how they work together.

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Application Types

Desktop, web, mobile, cloud, and enterprise applications.

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Database Concepts

Organizing and managing structured data effectively.

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Computer Networks

Connecting computers and sharing resources across the globe.

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Ethics & Security

Responsible and ethical use of technology in the digital age.

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HTML Programming

Building the structure of web pages with markup language.

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CSS Programming

Styling and designing beautiful web pages.

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AI & Future Computing

Emerging technologies shaping tomorrow's digital landscape.

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Data, Information, and Knowledge

Data to Information to Knowledge Flow
Data - scattered shapes

DATA

Data is raw, unprocessed facts and figures. It's like the building blocks of information. Think of it as individual pieces of a puzzle, each holding a small part of the bigger picture. By itself, a single piece of data doesn't convey much meaning.

Information - connected network

INFORMATION

Information is data that has been processed, organized, and interpreted to give it meaning and context. It's like transforming raw ingredients into a delicious meal. While data is the raw material, information is the cooked dish, ready to be consumed and understood.

Knowledge - bird shape

KNOWLEDGE

Knowledge is the application of information and experience to understand and solve problems. It's the ability to interpret information, recognize patterns, and draw meaningful conclusions. Think of it as the wisdom gained from learning and practice.

Data is a collection of facts, numbers, or other information that can be used to analyze or make decisions. It is generally raw information that simply includes basic numbers or texts. Information is the data that has been organized and analyzed to be useful for decision making. And knowledge is the understanding, awareness, or familiarity gained through experience, education, or learning.

The transformation begins with data collection - gathering raw facts from various sources like databases, sensors, or surveys. Next, data processing cleans and organizes this raw data, removing errors and inconsistencies. The processed data is then analyzed to identify patterns and trends, generating meaningful information presented through reports or visualizations. Finally, this information is interpreted within context, combined with experience and expertise, to create knowledge that enables informed decision-making and problem-solving.

Weather Forecasting:
• Data: Temperature readings, humidity levels, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, satellite images.
• Information: A cold front is moving in, bringing cooler temperatures and potential rain showers.
• Knowledge: Based on historical patterns, the meteorologist predicts a 70% chance of rain tomorrow.

Planning a Vacation:
• Data: A list of potential destinations (Paris, Rome, Tokyo, Bali), Budget: $3,000.
• Information: Researching flight costs, identifying tourist attractions, checking weather forecasts.
• Knowledge: Realizing that Paris aligns best with budget and interests, identifying affordable yet highly-rated accommodations.

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Areas of the Computer Science Discipline

Areas of Computer Science

Computer Science Discipline

Computer Science is the study of algorithms and data structures, computer and network design, modeling data and information processes, and artificial intelligence.

Software Engineering

Software Engineering is the branch of computer science that deals with the design, development, testing, and maintenance of software applications. It powers the digital world by creating applications that automate tasks, facilitate communication, and drive innovation.

Artificial Intelligence

AI is a set of technologies that enable computers to perform advanced functions, including the ability to see, understand and translate spoken and written language, analyze data, make recommendations, and more. It revolutionizes industries by enabling machines to learn, reason, and make decisions.

Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks. These cyberattacks are usually aimed at accessing, changing, or destroying sensitive information; extorting money from users through ransomware; or interrupting normal business processes.

Data Science

Data Science is the study of data to extract meaningful insights for business. It is a multidisciplinary approach that combines principles and practices from mathematics, statistics, artificial intelligence, and computer engineering to analyze large amounts of data.

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

HCI is a multidisciplinary field focusing on the design of computer technology and the interaction between humans and computers. It improves the user experience by designing intuitive and accessible interfaces.

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Various Uses of Computer Systems in the Modern World

Application of AI in Cyber Security

Computer Systems

A computer system is defined as a combination of hardware components (processing unit, memory, input/output devices, storage) along with software components (operating systems and applications), working together to achieve a specific purpose.

Healthcare

Computer systems enable electronic health record management, medical image analysis, telemedicine, and drug discovery, revolutionizing patient care and medical research.

Finance

Computer systems facilitate online banking, stock trading, risk assessment, and fraud detection, making financial services more accessible and secure.

Education

Education benefits from e-learning platforms, educational software, and administrative tools that make learning more accessible and personalized.

Entertainment

The entertainment industry leverages computer systems for video game development, film and animation production, music production, and streaming services.

How computers revolutionized work and daily life

Computers were initially used only in workplaces but quickly revolutionized things such as school homework, shopping, and working from home. With the internet and computers, long-distance communication has become much more accessible for people worldwide.

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Algorithm, Pseudocode, and Flowcharting

Algorithm vs Flowchart vs Pseudocode

What is an Algorithm?

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or set of rules designed to solve a specific problem or accomplish a particular task. It's like a recipe that tells a computer exactly what to do.

Pseudocode

Pseudocode is a simplified, informal way of describing an algorithm using plain language mixed with programming-like structures. It helps programmers plan their code before writing it in a specific programming language.

Flowcharting

A flowchart is a visual representation of an algorithm using standardized symbols (ovals for start/end, rectangles for processes, diamonds for decisions, arrows for flow). It makes complex processes easier to understand and communicate.

Why are these important?

Algorithms, pseudocode, and flowcharts help break down complex problems into manageable steps. They improve communication between team members and serve as documentation for future reference.

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Concept of Number Systems

Types of Number Systems

What are Number Systems?

Number systems are methods of representing numbers using a set of symbols. Different systems use different bases, determining how many unique digits are used.

Decimal System (Base 10)

The decimal system uses ten digits (0-9) and is the most commonly used number system in everyday life. Each position represents a power of 10.

Binary System (Base 2)

The binary system uses only two digits (0 and 1) and is the foundation of all computer operations. Computers use binary because electronic circuits have two states: on and off.

Hexadecimal System (Base 16)

The hexadecimal system uses sixteen symbols (0-9 and A-F) and is commonly used in programming to represent memory addresses and color codes.

Converting Between Systems

Understanding how to convert between number systems is essential in computer science. Each system has its advantages depending on the application.

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General and Specific Purpose Software

Type of Application Software - General vs Specific Purpose

What is Software?

Software is a set of instructions, programs, and data that tells a computer how to perform specific tasks. It bridges the gap between hardware and users.

General Purpose Software

General purpose software is designed to perform common tasks that many users need. Examples include word processors (Microsoft Word), spreadsheets (Excel), web browsers (Chrome), and email clients.

Specific Purpose Software

Specific purpose software (also called specialized or application-specific software) is designed for particular industries or tasks. Examples include accounting software, medical records systems, and CAD (Computer-Aided Design) programs.

System Software vs Application Software

System software (like operating systems) manages computer hardware and provides a platform for other software. Application software performs specific tasks for end-users.

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Computer Hardware Concepts

Computer Hardware Components

What is Computer Hardware?

Computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system that you can see and touch. These components work together to process data and execute programs.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is the brain of the computer. It executes instructions, performs calculations, and manages data flow between other hardware components.

Memory (RAM)

Random Access Memory (RAM) is temporary storage that holds data and programs currently being used. It provides fast access but loses data when power is off.

Storage Devices

Storage devices (hard drives, SSDs, USB drives) provide permanent data storage. Unlike RAM, they retain data even when the computer is turned off.

Input and Output Devices

Input devices (keyboard, mouse, microphone) allow users to enter data and commands. Output devices (monitor, printer, speakers) display or present processed information to users.

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Software Application Types

What is Utility Software

Desktop Applications

Desktop applications are installed and run locally on a computer. They typically offer more features and better performance but require installation and updates.

Web Applications

Web applications run in web browsers and are accessed via the internet. They're platform-independent and always up-to-date but require an internet connection.

Mobile Applications

Mobile apps are designed specifically for smartphones and tablets. They leverage device features like GPS, camera, and touch interfaces.

Cloud Applications

Cloud applications run on remote servers and are accessed over the internet. They offer scalability, accessibility from anywhere, and reduced local storage needs.

Enterprise Applications

Enterprise applications are large-scale software solutions designed for organizations. They handle complex business processes like ERP, CRM, and supply chain management.

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Basic Concepts and Definitions of Data and Database

Before Database

What is a Database?

A database is an organized collection of structured data stored electronically. It allows for efficient storage, retrieval, modification, and deletion of data.

Database Management Systems (DBMS)

A DBMS is software that manages databases. It provides tools for creating, querying, updating, and administering databases while ensuring data integrity and security.

Relational Databases

Relational databases organize data into tables with rows and columns. Tables can be linked through relationships, allowing complex queries using SQL.

NoSQL Databases

NoSQL databases store data in formats other than traditional tables. They're designed for specific use cases like document storage, key-value pairs, or graph relationships.

Data Integrity and Security

Databases implement constraints, validation rules, and access controls to maintain data accuracy and protect sensitive information from unauthorized access.

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Basic Concepts of Computer Networks

Network Topology Types

What is a Computer Network?

A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that can communicate and share resources. Networks enable data exchange, resource sharing, and collaborative work.

Types of Networks

Networks are classified by size: LAN (Local Area Network) covers a small area like a building; WAN (Wide Area Network) spans large geographic areas; MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) covers a city.

Network Protocols

Protocols are rules that govern how data is transmitted over networks. TCP/IP is the fundamental protocol suite of the internet, enabling devices to communicate reliably.

Network Devices

Routers direct traffic between networks, switches connect devices within a network, and modems convert signals for transmission over different media.

The Internet

The internet is a global network of networks, connecting billions of devices worldwide. It uses standardized protocols to enable communication across different systems and platforms.

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Security, Ethics, and Privacy: IT Code of Ethics

IT Code of Ethics

Information Security

Information security protects data from unauthorized access, disclosure, modification, or destruction. It encompasses confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA triad).

Privacy in the Digital Age

Privacy concerns how personal information is collected, used, stored, and shared. Users have rights to control their data, and organizations have responsibilities to protect it.

IT Code of Ethics

IT professionals follow ethical guidelines that emphasize honesty, integrity, confidentiality, competence, and respect for others. These principles guide responsible technology use.

Cybersecurity Threats

Common threats include malware, phishing, ransomware, and social engineering. Understanding these threats helps individuals and organizations protect themselves.

Best Practices

Security best practices include using strong passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, keeping software updated, and being cautious with unknown links and attachments.

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HTML Programming

HTML Code

HTML Code Example

Page Output

HTML Page Output

Page Output

Doctor's Clinic Page Output

HTML Code

Doctor's Clinic HTML Code

What is HTML?

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating web pages. It provides the structure and content of a webpage using a system of tags and attributes.

HTML Elements and Tags

HTML uses tags to define elements like headings (<h1>-<h6>), paragraphs (<p>), links (<a>), images (<img>), and divisions (<div>). Tags usually come in pairs with opening and closing tags.

Document Structure

An HTML document has a specific structure: <!DOCTYPE html> declaration, <html> root element, <head> for metadata, and <body> for visible content.

Forms and Input

HTML forms (<form>) collect user input through various elements like text fields (<input>), text areas (<textarea>), dropdowns (<select>), and buttons (<button>).

Semantic HTML

Semantic elements like <header>, <nav>, <main>, <article>, and <footer> give meaning to content structure, improving accessibility and SEO.

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CSS Programming

CSS Programming Overview

What is CSS?

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) controls the visual presentation of HTML elements. It handles colors, fonts, spacing, layout, and responsive design.

CSS Selectors

Selectors target HTML elements for styling. Types include element selectors (p), class selectors (.classname), ID selectors (#idname), and attribute selectors.

Box Model

Every HTML element is a box with content, padding, border, and margin. Understanding the box model is essential for controlling element spacing and sizing.

Layout Techniques

CSS offers powerful layout tools: Flexbox for one-dimensional layouts, Grid for two-dimensional layouts, and positioning for precise element placement.

Responsive Design

Media queries allow CSS to adapt to different screen sizes. Responsive design ensures websites look good on desktops, tablets, and mobile devices.

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Future of Computing: Generative AI and Data Analytics

Generative AI Overview

Generative AI

Generative AI creates new content (text, images, code, music) based on training data. Models like GPT and DALL-E are revolutionizing creative and analytical tasks.

Machine Learning

Machine learning enables computers to learn from data without explicit programming. It powers recommendations, predictions, image recognition, and natural language processing.

Data Analytics

Data analytics examines raw data to draw conclusions and make decisions. It includes descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive analytics.

Quantum Computing

Quantum computers use quantum mechanics to solve problems impossible for classical computers. They promise breakthroughs in cryptography, drug discovery, and optimization.

The Future

As technology evolves, computers will play increasingly crucial roles in automation, personalized experiences, scientific research, and solving global challenges.

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Contact

Get in Touch

Have questions about computing concepts? Want to learn more? Feel free to reach out! I'm here to help guide you through your journey in understanding the wonderful world of computer science.

Email: genivie@gmail.com

Phone Number: 09168328140

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